One of the first modern-era CIOs, if not the first, was Bank of America's legendary A.R. Zipf. Together with his colleagues, Zipf developed the electronic recording method of accounting in the early 1950s, and in so doing, not only revolutionized banking but the IT industry itself. Zipf's roles and responsibilities at BofA centered on the automation of labor-intensive, job-specific, functional tasks, which soon became the same objective of other CIOs across all industries that followed in his footsteps.
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