As humanity’s footprint in orbital space expands, so does the recognition that our linear approach to space utilization poses significant risks, including the threat of orbital ecocide. The prevailing model, characterized by the launch of single-use satellites and the proliferation of space debris, resembles a one-way trajectory toward congestion, conflict, and potentially irreversible environmental degradation. To avoid this, we must transition from a linear space economy to a circular one that is grounded in principles of sustainability, stewardship, and innovation and inspired by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK).
At the core of the circular space economy lies the concept of resource efficiency and reuse. Rather than treating satellites and spacecraft as disposable entities to abandon, we must design them for longevity and reusability. Modular designs, standardized interfaces, and in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM) capabilities can prolong the lifespan of existing assets, reducing the need for costly replacements and mitigating space debris proliferation.
Embracing ISAM and resource use holds promise for transforming orbital space into a self-sustaining ecosystem. By tapping into the abundant resources available in space, such as solar energy and asteroid materials, we can reduce our dependence on Earth-bound supplies and pave the way for an independent and sustainable space economy. 3D printing (or additive manufacturing), for example, can facilitate the construction of large-scale structures and habitats in orbit, and technologies for extracting and refining asteroid resources offer a glimpse of a future where humanity thrives harmoniously with the environment.
The transition to a circular space economy also demands a reevaluation of space governance and regulation. Current regulations focus primarily on safety and security; a circular economy mindset requires a broader approach that prioritizes sustainability, equity, and inclusivity. International agreements and treaties must be updated to incent responsible behavior and discourage negligence. Mechanisms for space debris mitigation and remediation must be strengthened, with an emphasis on active debris removal and end-of-life disposal protocols.
Simultaneously, efforts to foster innovation and entrepreneurship in the space sector must intensify. Governments, academia, and industry should collaborate to develop and commercialize cutting-edge technologies for sustainable space exploration and utilization. Public-private partnerships offer valuable opportunities for investment and collaboration, driving the development of new capabilities and business models that support a circular space economy.
Transitioning from a linear to a circular space economy is not just about sustainability — it’s about preventing orbital ecocide and ensuring the long-term viability of orbital space as a resource and habitat. By embracing resource efficiency, reuse, and innovation, we can safeguard the celestial environment and preserve the final frontier for future generations. Through collective action and a shared commitment to stewardship, we can navigate toward a brighter future where space remains a sanctuary for exploration, discovery, and human progress.
[For more from the author on this topic, see: “The Tragedy of the Commons in Orbital Space: Toward a Circular Economy.”]
